Robert Mapplethorpe (1946–1989) was an American photographer whose portraits, flower studies and nudes combine precise composition with a sustained exploration of the body and sexuality. Born in Queens, New York, he studied at Pratt Institute before developing a photographic practice that included Polaroids, gelatin silver prints and platinum prints. His images draw on classical ideals of form while challenging conventions of representation. The touring exhibition The Perfect Moment, which opened in 1988, became a focus of debates about censorship and artistic freedom.